English Dispatch 3

English Dispatch 3

The English Dispatch of The Centre for Sustainable Food Systems at UBC Farm

Alex Pomeroy first came to the UBC Farm as a practicum student in 2019, joining the field team in January 2020 as a field coordinator managing alliums, potatoes, cucurbits and legumes and spent one year with the chickens. He recently left the Farm and Canada for London, where his partner is pursuing her Master’s in Music Psychology. In these dispatches, Alex is sharing his impressions on the agricultural landscape in the UK, as he moves from field work to pursuing policy and community work in food.

Alex Pomeroy at an English pub.

Alex Pomeroy at an English pub.

From Skip to Plate

April 2023

Back in 2010 while living in Copenhagen, on exchange from UBC, my new friends and I established a weekly routine of midnight bike rides around the city, pulling food out of the bins behind supermarkets. Sometimes this involved scaling a fence, and although what we were doing wasn’t illegal, it felt exciting and a bit of a rush every time. The produce from all major supermarkets was wrapped in foam trays with cellophane wrapping, so for example if one tomato in the tray was bruised or damaged, the whole package would go into the bin. Every time we went out we would come back to my apartment, lay out the haul on the kitchen table (which once included an entire box full of bananas) and give everything a wash. Everyone in our little crew (Tomi, Lasse, Sam and my housemate Malthe and I) would have enough food to last until the next mission, and it really helped to offset the cost of living in a city like Copenhagen. It also helped me establish a more healthy lifestyle personally, and I began eating many new vegetables. I remember being very surprised by the level of food waste in such a socially and politically progressive place, and I saw the practice of dumpster diving as a truly radical act.

A group of friends sitting around a table of food

Summer 2010: A meal shared among friends made from vegetables pulled from the supermarket bins in Copenhagen

It is estimated that over ⅓ of food produced globally goes to waste. This is a tragedy on many levels, in terms of the resources used to grow, package and transport food, to the gross inequalities within our communities and around the world. The UK throws away close to 9.5 million tonnes of food a year, while nearly 8.5 million Britons are in food poverty. Food waste occurs at all levels, from suppliers ordering too much to sell, to poor education regarding best practices for storing produce once it’s in our homes (remember, keep your fresh herbs in a cup of water on the counter, just like flowers). When it comes to misshapen or unattractive produce (dubbed “wonky” in the UK), small steps are being taken to reduce waste. There is a box subscription called Oddbox which offers food otherwise destined for landfill at what seems to be reasonable prices. Sustainability does seem top of mind here in the UK which is promising, with similar startups addressing waste in other industries such as coffee and prepared food (eg. the Odd Coffee Company, Too Good to Go). Supermarkets offer “wonky” fruit and vegetables at reduced prices, and given the ongoing cost of living crisis, these seem like very popular options for many consumers.

Group of friends sharing a meal around a picnic table in a community garden

Spring 2023: Earth Day meal with new friends at Glengall Community Garden, South London. Made with food pulled from the bins at New Covent Garden Market.

There is much to be done, however, when it comes to holding corporations accountable for food waste. As if it wasn’t bad enough to waste perfectly good food, it most often ends up in landfills, producing methane as it breaks down, accounting for up to 10% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. Would it be possible to require food suppliers to divert unused food to compost? This should clearly be a last resort, given the rise in food insecurity, with 4 million children in the UK (1 in 5 households) going without enough food. Free school meal programs do exist in the UK, but eligibility requirements exclude around 800,000 children, whose family income falls just above the established threshold. Could the government impose a tax or a levy on those corporations and businesses throwing out food? Would this be based on the amount of waste and if so, how would it be monitored? Perhaps these thoughts are too utopian in nature, but I truly believe that such changes are reflective of the world we must strive for.

When I moved to London back in December, I immediately started to think about ways in which I could not only feed myself and my partner more affordably, but also reduce our environmental footprints. Last week I pulled a perfectly good, in fact — made that day, baguette sandwich out of a bin bag on the sidewalk, one of many tossed out by shops daily all around London. I have been making new connections within the community, and have learned of various locations around the city from which to rescue produce. This past weekend on Earth Day, I volunteered at a nearby community garden and the day ended surrounded by new friends, sharing a meal made almost entirely from skip to plate.

Cheers,

Alex Pomeroy

Resources

 

Global food production may decline by 9% owing to climate change, says expert

Global food production may decline by 9% owing to climate change, says expert

April 21, 2023

A study conducted by CSFS Associate, Dr. Navin Ramankutty, Director of the Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability, found that staple crops like rice and wheat are under threat from climate change.

At a national seminar in India, Dr. Ramankutty said that global food production will decline by 6% to 9% owing to climate change in next 20 years or before.

Read the full article at The Hindu.

B.C. beekeepers brace for another challenging season after difficult winter

B.C. beekeepers brace for another challenging season after difficult winter

April 11, 2023

CSFS Associate and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology professor Dr. Leonard Foster (Michael Smith Labs) discussed how B.C.’s bee colonies will fare this year.

“My personal guess is we’ll be slightly better than last year, but that has to be taken with a grain of salt because last year was the worst ever by a large margin,” said Dr. Foster.

Read the full article at CBC News.

Limiting nutrient pollution in organic cropping systems

Limiting nutrient pollution in organic cropping systems

April 6, 2023

In the 40th episode of Organic BC’s podcast, CSFS Director Sean Smukler talks about his recent research and about organic practices that can lead to nutrient pollution in air and waterways, versus ones that tend to limit such outcomes.

Listen to the full podcast episode at Organic BC.

Guaranteeing food for all (a letter)

Guaranteeing food for all (a letter)

April 3, 2023

Various UBC and international researchers, including CSFS Associate Dr. Jennifer Black, co-signed a letter arguing that guaranteeing the right to food and a living income through real living wages, together with adequate social security provision, is essential to ending the need for charitable food aid in all societies.

Read the letter at The Guardian.

UBC is spicing up its campus (and the local agri-food industry) with a new food processing plant

UBC is spicing up its campus (and the local agri-food industry) with a new food processing plant

Photo: Paul Joseph/UBC

April 3, 2023

In early March, UBC held a groundbreaking ceremony to start construction on its new Food and Beverage Innovation Centre, which is being led by CSFS Associate Dr. Anubhav Pratap-Singh.

According to Dave Eto, president of local business consulting firm Qumai Consulting, a food-processing pilot plant like this would help businesses develop new and creative products right here in B.C. instead of spending time, effort and resources to visit external facilities.

Read the full article at BC Business.

Managing Metro Vancouver’s water supply as global temperatures rise

Managing Metro Vancouver’s water supply as global temperatures rise

Dr. Kai Chan

March 29, 2023

CSFS Associate Dr. Kai Chan (Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability) commented on the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which found that climate change will affect our water supply.

“It’s great when folks do things that try to reduce their carbon footprints, etc.” Chan notes “But the reality is that there is only so much power we have in that respect. Now, the remainder of the responsibility of the power is in the hands of governments and of corporations.”

Read the full article at City News (Vancouver).

English Dispatch 2

The English Dispatch of The Centre for Sustainable Food Systems at UBC Farm

Alex Pomeroy first came to the UBC Farm as a practicum student in 2019, joining the field team in January 2020 as a field coordinator managing alliums, potatoes, cucurbits and legumes and spent one year with the chickens. He recently left the Farm and Canada for London, where his partner is pursuing her Master’s in Music Psychology. In these dispatches, Alex is sharing his impressions on the agricultural landscape in the UK, as he moves from field work to pursuing policy and community work in food.

Alex Pomeroy at an English pub.

Alex Pomeroy at an English pub.

Winter Holidaying the English Way

March 2023

As we approached the island, flying along the west coast in preparation for landing, we could already begin to see the covered plantations. Shortly after, while taking the bus into Los Cristianos, we saw what grew under the shade cloths: bananas, 150,000 metric tonnes a year, 90 per cent destined for the Spanish domestic market. Bananas are the leading agricultural product of Tenerife, the largest island of the Canary Islands, an archipelago off the coast of Morocco. The Spanish conquest occurred throughout the 1400s, dubbed as “modern Europe’s first overseas settler colonial genocide”1, with Tenerife finally falling under Spanish control in 1496. The Museum of Nature and Archaeology contains collections of pre-contact artifacts, including mummies, Guanche pottery and the Zanata stone, an inscribed tablet presumably of Guanche origin. However, we found the dominant narrative echoed in the murals and mosaics throughout the capital Santa Cruz: the erasure of pre-conquest histories and the celebration of Spanish settlement. Even the white sand on the beaches around the south of the island was taken from Africa. As a volcanic island, the naturally occurring landscape is of black sand beaches.

A photo from above a hillside on Tenerife showing a terraced farm with several small fields at different levels cut into the hillside, several buildings and houses at the top of the fields, and a road cut into the hillside above the farm.

A terraced farm in Tenerife, Spain. Photo: Michal Klajban | CC BY-SA 4.0.

The Guanches were believed to be descendants of North African Amazigh peoples (known commonly as Berber), and likely arrived on the archipelago sometime in the first millennium BCE. With the destruction of language being a key component of genocide and colonization, the words and phrases that do remain show strong similarities to Berber languages, especially in regards to agriculture. While they are long gone, evidence of their presence on the land is still visible. High above the island’s capital, accessible by a narrow and windy road, is an area called Anaga Rural Park. There are a few small and barely inhabited villages, often enshrouded in dense clouds that move across the peninsula. Terraced stone gardens line the deep valleys of Chamorga and La Cumbrilla. We often wondered when these stones had been laid. The more I read, the clearer it became that these beautiful terraced farms were most likely built by settlers. This area was very important to the Guanches, as it provided seasonal grazing land for their animals. They held a harvest feast mid-August called Beñesmen, which also marked the new year on their calendar.

A painted wall mural in Santa Cruz, Tenerife, depicting the Battle of Acentejo, showing the Guanches winning against armed and fully dressed Spaniards in spite of their technological inferiority.

Mural in Santa Cruz depicting the Battle of Acentejo, won by the Guanches in spite of their technological inferiority. Photo: Alex Pomeroy.

Exclusionary treatment tragically continues through the application of modern-day EU and Spanish immigration law. Samuel Allan from Statewatch, a non-profit monitoring civil rights issues, argues that policies of inhumane detention, illegal mobility restrictions and a deportation imperative is converting the Canary Islands into “makeshift deportation waiting rooms and a black hole for human rights.”2 Due in part to heightened control of Mediterranean routes, two-thirds of all African migrants now entering Spain attempt to do so through the Canary Islands3. That same report by Statewatch outlines that over 23,000 people made the journey in 2020 (mostly from Morocco, Senegal and Mali) – a tenfold increase from 2019, triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing climate crises. The Atlantic route is particularly dangerous, claiming the lives of roughly three out of ten who attempt the crossing. In November 2022, three men survived an 11-day journey from Lagos, Nigeria to Las Palmas, perched on the rudder of a tanker ship. To attempt such a horrific journey, only to be faced with inhumane conditions and eventual deportation signifies severe human rights abuses. The issues around migration are too complex to explore in this briefing, but please do read into some of the resources linked below.

While our time in Tenerife was beautiful, especially the two nights spent in the mountains of Anaga, we left with many questions. I set out to write a piece on the agricultural history and contemporary food system of the island, but found these topics to be lacking in complexity. Instead, I opted to focus on Indigenous land usage, colonial history and the continued impact of this history on the immigration laws in place today. I hope this has been an informative and infuriating read.

Cheers,

Alex Pomeroy

References

 

UBC professor calls for changes to pesticide regulations

UBC professor calls for changes to pesticide regulations

Headshot of Risa Sargent in the fields of UBC Farm

March 10, 2023

CSFS Associate and LFS associate professor Dr. Risa Sargent is calling on the federal government to change regulations and reduce the use of harmful pesticides.

“Neonicotinoids, which are still allowed and are being used in Canada, are negatively impacting bees and other ecosystem players that are important for agricultural production,” Sargent explained.

Read the full article at City News (Vancouver).

Progressives, conservatives and climate change

Progressives, conservatives and climate change

Dry fields at the UBC Farm in summer

March 8, 2023

Sociology researcher and CSFS Associate Dr. Emily Huddart Kennedy argued that hate and disdain among progressives and conservatives prevent us from addressing climate change.

“My interviews and survey research showed me that each of us cares about the environment,” notes Dr. Kennedy “certainly, we do so in ways that are distinct and can be incompatible. And we do so in ways that make sense for each of us, given our personal experiences and the social context of our lives.”

Read the full article at Policy Options.